World’s largest tunnel boring machine manufacturer challenges the US with innovation

China has become the world’s largest maker of tunnel boring machines, moving from importer to global producer and exporter.

Its latest TBMs feature flexible designs, automation, real-time sensors, and deep-excavation capabilities for complex projects.

Chinese-built machines are already being used on major works like Sydney’s Western Harbour Tunnel and exported to dozens of countries.

The shift strengthens China’s role in transport, mining, and urban infrastructure across global markets.