The companies behind Uber and Cabify licenses: the shadow business driving VTCs in Spain

VTCs in Spain have evolved from a luxury service into a mass alternative to taxis, driven by digital platforms like Uber, Cabify and Bolt.

In Madrid, three large groups — Moove Cars, Auro and Vecttor — hold about 60% of VTC licenses, with Uber and Cabify involved in some of these firms.

The story shows that major companies, not just ride-hailing apps, control much of the VTC business in Spain.

It also highlights how competition and regulation have changed the value of both taxi and VTC licenses.