Heatwave from three years ago may return? JAMSTEC’s "Earth Simulator" predicts the simultaneous occurrence of El Niño and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole

JAMSTEC predicts that El Niño and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole could occur at the same time this summer, between June and August.

Its April 1 forecast using the Earth Simulator suggests a pattern similar to 2023 may develop.

If both phenomena coincide, they could contribute to hotter, drier summer weather in Japan and more severe global heat.

The outlook is important for understanding near-term climate and weather risks.