Russia’s threat is pushing Europe toward something unprecedented: from Cold War bunkers to bunkers anywhere

Russia’s war on Ukraine has revived Europe’s civil defense planning and interest in shelters.

Switzerland still maintains a mandatory bunker network, while Finland preserves and adapts thousands of underground spaces.

Germany is pursuing a more flexible model, using mobile alerts and available basements, stations, and other spaces.

The shift reflects a broader recognition that modern war may again require large-scale civilian survival infrastructure.