Scientists Reveal How Gluten Reactions in the Gut Lining Lead to Celiac Damage

Researchers at the University of Rome Tor Vergata reviewed more than 100 studies to explain how gluten triggers small-intestine damage in celiac disease.

The review highlights tissue transglutaminase 2, T cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, stromal cells, gut microbes, and type I interferons as key amplifiers of the immune response.

These mechanisms help explain why only some genetically susceptible people develop celiac disease.

The findings point to biological steps that could inform better treatments and prevention strategies.