German implementation of eIDAS will require an Apple/Google account to function

Germany's eIDAS implementation will rely on device attestations from Apple and Google, which require vendor accounts.

The EU digital identity framework aims to let citizens use one member state's identity to access services in another.

Existing options include AusweisApp using NFC ID cards and commercial X.509 signing certificates that can be costly.

Some EU countries like Slovenia issue government certificates for signing, avoiding dependence on app stores.